<b>HRAC Group 2</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy B) </font> resistant Limnophila sessiliflora from Japan

INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE

HRAC GROUP 2 (LEGACY B) RESISTANT LIMNOPHILA (ASIAN MARSHWEED)
(Limnophila sessiliflora)

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Japan, Akita

INTRODUCTION		LIMNOPHILA (ASIAN MARSHWEED)
Limnophila (Asian marshweed) (Limnophila sessiliflora) is a dicot weed in the Scrophulariaceae family. In Japan this weed first evolved resistance to Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides in 1996 and infests Rice. Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ). Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to bensulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, imazosulfuron, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides. The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Dec 28, 2013 )
Common Name	Limnophila (Asian marshweed)
Species	Limnophila sessiliflora
Group	Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Herbicides	bensulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, imazosulfuron, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl
Location	Japan, Akita
Year	1996
Situation(s)	Rice
Contributors - (Alphabetically)	Kazuyuki Itoh
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

GENERAL

Kazuyuki Itoh

Named Kikumo in Japanese.

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GENERAL

Kazuyuki Itoh

Itoh 1997, Wang et al. 1997.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Field, and Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Limnophila (Asian marshweed) biotype with this Limnophila (Asian marshweed) biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.

Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2 resistant Limnophila (Asian marshweed) have not been reported to the site. There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature

Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database. If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.

Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes. If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 2 (Legacy B) resistant Limnophila (Asian marshweed) from Japan please update the database.

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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

KAZUYUKI ITOH

Professor Kobe University Graduate School of Agricultural Science １-１ Rokkodaicho Kobe, 657-0013, Hyogo Japan Email Kazuyuki Itoh

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Japan have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Kazuyuki Itoh for providing detailed information.

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Herbicide Resistant Limnophila (Asian marshweed) Globally
(Limnophila sessiliflora)

Country

FirstYear

Situation

Active Ingredients

Site of Action

Japan

1996

Rice

bensulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, imazosulfuron, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Literature about Similar Cases

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Lin Ying ; Wang GuangXi ; Li Wei ; Ito, M.. 2004. Secondary structure prediction of acetolactate synthase protein in sulfonylurea herbicide resistant Limnophila sessiliflora. Journal of Pesticide Science 29 : 1 - 5.

We cloned and sequenced fragments encoding ALS genes from biotypes of L. sessiliflora susceptible and resistant to sulfonylurea (SU)-herbicide. Comparisons of deduced amino acid sequences and secondary protein structures were conducted. Pro was substituted with Gln, and a G-X-X-P motif was abolished in Domain A of resistant ALS, and the secondary protein structure was converted from extended strands to an α-helix around Domain A by the Pro mutation. We suggest that resistance to SU-herbicides is caused by the mutation of ALS and conformational change of its secondary structure..

Wang GuangXi ; Watanabe, H. ; Uchino, A. ; Itoh, K.. 2000. Response of a sulfonylurea (SU)-resistant biotype of Limnophila sessiliflora to selected SU and alternative herbicides. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 68 : 59 - 66.

Miyahara, M. ; Guh, J. O. ; Lee, D. J.. 1998. Occurrence of resistant weeds to sulfonylurea herbicides in Japan. Korean Journal of Weed Science 18 : 268 - 279.

This review considers the most important weeds showing resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides in Japan: Monochoria korsakowii, M. vaginalis var. plantaginea, Lindernia spp., Limnophila sessiliflora, Elatine triandra var. pedicellata, Scirpus juncoides var. ohwianus, Rotala indica var. uliginosa and Chenopodium album. The distribution and spread of these resistant weeds in Japan and their control are discussed..

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