<b>HRAC Group 2</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy B) </font> resistant Spergula arvensis from Norway

INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE

HRAC GROUP 2 (LEGACY B) RESISTANT CORN SPURRY
(Spergula arvensis)

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Norway

INTRODUCTION		CORN SPURRY
Corn Spurry (Spergula arvensis) is a dicot weed in the Caryophyllaceae family. In Norway this weed first evolved resistance to Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides in 2006 and infests Winter barley, and Winter wheat. Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ). Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to florasulam, and tribenuron-methyl and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides. The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Mar 09, 2015 )
Common Name	Corn Spurry
Species	Spergula arvensis
Group	Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Herbicides	florasulam, and tribenuron-methyl
Location	Norway
Year	2006
Situation(s)	Winter barley, and Winter wheat
Contributors - (Alphabetically)	Jan Netland
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Corn Spurry biotype with this Corn Spurry biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.

Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2 resistant Corn Spurry have not been reported to the site. There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature

Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database. If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.

Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes. If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 2 (Legacy B) resistant Corn Spurry from Norway please update the database.

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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

JAN NETLAND

The Norwegian Crop Research Institute Plant Protection Centre Department Of Herbology Exotic & Invasive Weed Research One Shields Ave, Mail Stop 4 Fellesbygget, N-1432, ÅS Norway Email Jan Netland

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Norway have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Jan Netland for providing detailed information.

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Herbicide Resistant Corn Spurry Globally
(Spergula arvensis)

Country

FirstYear

Situation

Active Ingredients

Site of Action

Norway

2006

Winter barley, and Winter wheat

florasulam, and tribenuron-methyl

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Literature about Similar Cases

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Fraga, M. I. ; Areses, M. L. ; Baleato, J. C. ; Duran, M. V. ; Gonzalez, M. L. ; Rey, A. ; Sahuquillo, E. ; Tasende, M. G.. 1999. The occurrence of simazine resistant biotypes in weed species of Galician crops (NW Spain). : 375 - 379.

Simazine resistant biotypes of Amaranthus hybridus, Chenopodium album, Coleostephus myconis, Conyza canadensis, Echinochloa crus-gallii, Erodium cicutarium, Erodium moschatum, Fumaria muralis, Hypochoeris radicata, Ornithopus compressus, Ranunculus muricatus, Sonchus asper, Sonchus oleraceus, Spergula arvensis, Stachys arvensis, Stellaria media and Digitalis purpurea were identified by fluorescence measurements of intact whole leaves..

Solymosi, P. ; Nagy, P.. 1999. Phytotoxicity of rhizome and leaf extracts of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. taxa. Növényvédelem 35 : 245 - 251.

Rhizome and leaf extracts of C. arvense, Agropyron repens [Elymus repens], Galium aparine, Mercurialis annua, Ranunculus arvensis, Spergula arvensis and Stellaria media were tested for their phytotoxicity in germination, radicle, coleoptile and dry-weight bioassays. Extracts of C. arvense taxa induced strong autotoxicity. Ethanol and tap water extracts were shown to inhibit seedling growth of C. arvense var. arvense and other weed species. Tap water extracts of C. arvense var. arvense caused growth reductions in the coleoptile length of Hordeum distichon [H. vulgare], rye (Secale cereale) and wheat (Triticum aestivum), and residues (rhizome and foliage) reduced the dry-weight of the weed species tested. A very strong allelopathic interaction was observed between ALS-susceptible and resistant biotypes of C. arvense. The susceptible biotype was a stronger competitor than resistant ones..

Thomas, A. G. ; Doohan, D. J. ; McCully, K. V.. 1994. Weed survey of spring cereals in New Brunswick. Phytoprotection 75 : 113 - 124.

During 1986 and 1987, a weed survey of 187 New Brunswick cereal fields was conducted. A total of 76 species were identified, of which 40 were considered agronomically important. About 50% of the species were perennial. Hemp-nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit), quack grass (Agropyron repens [Elymus repens]), sheep sorrel (Rumex acetosella), ox-eye daisy (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum [Leucanthemum vulgare]), corn spury (Spergula arvensis) and chickweed (Stellaria media) had the highest relative abundance values. Quack grass and hemp-nettle had the highest densities at 8.0 and 7.1 plants m^-2, respectively. The highest weed density (103 plants m^-2) was found in oats (Avena sativa) grown after a forage crop. The lowest density (24 plants m^-2) was found in wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown after potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). Most of the abundant species were tolerant to MCPA, the most commonly used herbicide. It was concluded that farmers could make major improvements in cereal weed control by choosing a herbicide that would control species tolerant to MCPA or 2,4-D, and using preplant or postharvest weed control to minimize the impact of perennial weeds..

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