<b>HRAC Group 2</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy B) </font> resistant Echium plantagineum from Australia, South Australia

INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE

HRAC GROUP 2 (LEGACY B) RESISTANT PATERSONS CURSE
(Echium plantagineum)

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Australia, South Australia

INTRODUCTION		PATERSONS CURSE
Patersons Curse (Echium plantagineum) is a dicot weed in the Boraginaceae family. In South Australia this weed first evolved resistance to Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides in 1997 and infests Cereals, and Pastures. Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ). Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to chlorsulfuron, and metosulam and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides. The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Jun 06, 2000 )
Common Name	Patersons Curse
Species	Echium plantagineum
Group	Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Herbicides	chlorsulfuron, and metosulam
Location	Australia, South Australia
Year	1997
Situation(s)	Cereals, and Pastures
Contributors - (Alphabetically)	David Bowran, Abul Hashem, and Christopher Preston
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Field, and Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Patersons Curse biotype with this Patersons Curse biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.

Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2 resistant Patersons Curse have not been reported to the site. There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature

Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database. If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.

Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes. If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 2 (Legacy B) resistant Patersons Curse from South Australia please update the database.

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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

DAVID BOWRAN

Research Officer Agriculture Wa 748 Railroad Hwy Northam, Western Australia Australia Email David Bowran

ABUL HASHEM

Senior Research Officer (weed Science) Agriculture Western Australia Department Of Agriculture And Food Wa Hampton Roads Ag Res And Ext Center 1444 Diamond Springs Rd, Northam, 6401, Western Australia Australia Email Abul Hashem

CHRISTOPHER PRESTON

Senior Research Officer (weed Science) University Of Adelaide - Waite Campus Crc For Australian Weed Management And School Of Agriculture Box 2146 Adelaide, 5064, South Australia Australia Email Christopher Preston

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in South Australia have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to David Bowran, Abul Hashem, and Christopher Preston for providing detailed information.

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Herbicide Resistant Patersons Curse Globally
(Echium plantagineum)

Country

FirstYear

Situation

Active Ingredients

Site of Action

Australia (South Australia)

1997

Cereals, and Pastures

chlorsulfuron, and metosulam

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Australia (Western Australia)

1997

Cereals

chlorsulfuron

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Brazil

2015

Cereals, and Wheat

metsulfuron-methyl

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Literature about Similar Cases

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Preston, C.. 2006. Resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides in Echium plantagineum L. : 530 - 533.

Echium plantagineum L. is a major weed of pastures in southern Australia. It can be problematic to control as it has a large seed bank and often establishes on early autumn rains. Metsulfuron-methyl can be used to selectively control E. plantagineum in grass pastures. In 1997, following seven applications of metsulfuron-methyl to a horse-agistment pasture near in South Australia, failure to control E. plantagineum was observed. Dose response experiments conducted with a range of sulfonylurea herbicides demonstrated this population was highly resistant to the sulfonylurea herbicides metsulfuron-methyl, chlorsulfuron, triasulfuron and sulfometuron-methyl when compared with a susceptible population. The resistant population also had low-level resistance to the imidazolinone herbicides, imazapyr and imazethapyr. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme assays were conducted using isolated leaf chloroplasts as the source of ALS enzyme. These assays demonstrated that the enzyme from resistant plants was very highly resistant, >30-fold, to all sulfonylurea herbicides when tested in vivo. The isolated ALS was also resistant to the sulfonamide herbicide flumetsulam, but had low-level resistance to the imidazolinone herbicides. Resistance to ALSinhibiting herbicides in E. plantagineum is the result of an insensitive target enzyme..

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