International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

Countries Weeds Herbicides Mutations Graphs References Researchers
HRAC GROUP 22 (LEGACY D) RESISTANT HARE BARLEY
(Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum)


PS I Electron Diversion HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)

Australia, South Australia
INTRODUCTION HARE BARLEY
Hare Barley (Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.  In South Australia this weed first evolved resistance to Group 22 (Legacy D) herbicides in 2001 and infests Alfalfa.   Group 22 (Legacy D) herbicides are known as PS I Electron Diversion (PSI Electron Diversion ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to paraquat and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 22 (Legacy D) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Nov 03, 2003 )

Common NameHare Barley
SpeciesHordeum murinum ssp. leporinum
GroupPS I Electron Diversion HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)
Herbicidesparaquat
LocationAustralia, South Australia
Year2001
Situation(s)Alfalfa
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Christopher Preston 
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Hare Barley biotype with this Hare Barley biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 22 resistant Hare Barley have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 22 (Legacy D) resistant Hare Barley from South Australia please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

CHRISTOPHER PRESTON
University Of Adelaide - Waite Campus
Crc For Australian Weed Management And School Of Agriculture
Box 2146
Adelaide, 5064, South Australia
Australia
Email Christopher Preston

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in South Australia have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Christopher Preston for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Hare Barley Globally
(Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum)
Herbicide Resistant Hare Barley Globally
(Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Hare Barley Globally
(Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 Australia (Victoria) AustraliaVictoria1988 Alfalfa diquat, and paraquat 1 PS I Electron Diversion ( HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)
98Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinumHare Barley18
2 Australia (South Australia) AustraliaSouth Australia1996 Canola, Pastures, and Winter pulses fluazifop-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl, and quizalofop-ethyl 1 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
98Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinumHare Barley1143
3 Australia (New South Wales ) AustraliaNew South Wales 2001 Canola clethodim, and haloxyfop-methyl 1 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
98Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinumHare Barley5098
4 Australia (South Australia) AustraliaSouth Australia2001 Alfalfa paraquat 1 PS I Electron Diversion ( HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)
98Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinumHare Barley5203
5 SpainSpain 2018 Olive, and Orchards glyphosate 38 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
98Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinumHare Barley18192
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