INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE

HRAC GROUP 4 (LEGACY O) RESISTANT MUSK THISTLE
(Carduus nutans)


Auxin Mimics HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)

New Zealand
INTRODUCTION MUSK THISTLE
Musk Thistle (Carduus nutans) is a dicot weed in the Asteraceae family.  In New Zealand this weed first evolved resistance to Group 4 (Legacy O) herbicides in 1981 and infests Pastures.   Group 4 (Legacy O) herbicides are known as Auxin Mimics (Auxin Mimics ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to 2,4-D and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 4 (Legacy O) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Jun 06, 2000 )

Common NameMusk Thistle
SpeciesCarduus nutans
GroupAuxin Mimics HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
Herbicides2,4-D
LocationNew Zealand
Year1981
Situation(s)Pastures
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Kerry Harrington, and Anis Rahman 
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

AREAS FOUND

Anis Rahman
Waikato, Hawkes Bay, Manawatu, etc.

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CONTROL STRATEGIES

Anis Rahman
This thistle is controlled by adding clopyralid to the phenoxy herbicide which causes severe damage to clovers in pasture. True cost is not shown as there is damage to the clover.

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GENERAL

Anis Rahman
This weed is a problem in pastures. Our pastures have two components viz. ryegrass and clovers. It is difficult to find herbicides selective enough to both components that will control the thistles. Also resistant to MCPA.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Field, and Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Musk Thistle biotype with this Musk Thistle biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 4 resistant Musk Thistle have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 4 (Legacy O) resistant Musk Thistle from New Zealand please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

KERRY HARRINGTON
Associate Professor in Weed Science
Massey University
School of Agriculture
Private Bag 11-222
Palmerston North, 4442, Manawatu
New Zealand
Email Kerry Harrington
Web   : Web Site Link
ANIS RAHMAN
Associate Professor in Weed Science
Ruakura Agricultural Centre
Ag. Research
3205 College Ave
Hamilton, 4442, Manawatu
New Zealand
Email Anis Rahman
Web   : Web Site Link

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in New Zealand have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Kerry Harrington, and Anis Rahman for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Musk Thistle Globally
(Carduus nutans)
Herbicide Resistant Musk Thistle Globally
(Carduus nutans)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Musk Thistle Globally
(Carduus nutans)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 New ZealandNew Zealand 1981 Pastures 2,4-D 30 Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
42Carduus nutansMusk Thistle158
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