International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

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HRAC GROUP 2 (LEGACY B) RESISTANT THREEHORN BEDSTRAW
(Galium tricornutum)


Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Australia, South Australia
INTRODUCTION THREEHORN BEDSTRAW
Threehorn Bedstraw (Galium tricornutum) is a dicot weed in the Rubiaceae family.  In South Australia this weed first evolved resistance to Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides in 2012 and infests Spring Barley, and Wheat.   Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to imazamox, imazapyr, iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, and pyroxsulam and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Jan 21, 2014 )

Common NameThreehorn Bedstraw
SpeciesGalium tricornutum
GroupInhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Herbicidesimazamox, imazapyr, iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, and pyroxsulam
LocationAustralia, South Australia
Year2012
Situation(s)Spring Barley, and Wheat
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Peter Boutsalis, and Christopher Preston 
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Threehorn Bedstraw biotype with this Threehorn Bedstraw biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2 resistant Threehorn Bedstraw have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 2 (Legacy B) resistant Threehorn Bedstraw from South Australia please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

PETER BOUTSALIS
Postdoctural Fellow/ Consultant
University Of Adelaide / Plant Science Consulting
Plant And Pest Science
800 N Lindbergh Blvd
02G
Adelaide, 5064, South Australia
Australia
Email Peter Boutsalis
CHRISTOPHER PRESTON
Postdoctural Fellow/ Consultant
University Of Adelaide - Waite Campus
Crc For Australian Weed Management And School Of Agriculture
Box 2146
Adelaide, 5064, South Australia
Australia
Email Christopher Preston

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in South Australia have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Peter Boutsalis, and Christopher Preston for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Threehorn Bedstraw Globally
(Galium tricornutum)
Herbicide Resistant Threehorn Bedstraw Globally
(Galium tricornutum)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Threehorn Bedstraw Globally
(Galium tricornutum)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 Australia (South Australia) AustraliaSouth Australia2012 Spring Barley, and Wheat imazamox, imazapyr, iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, and pyroxsulam 1 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
306Galium tricornutumThreehorn Bedstraw7837
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