HRAC GROUP 3 (LEGACY K1) RESISTANT AMERICAN SLOUGHGRASS
(Beckmannia syzigachne)

Inhibition of Microtubule AssemblyHRAC Group 3 (Legacy K1)

Japan, Fukuoka, Saga

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INTRODUCTION AMERICAN SLOUGHGRASS American Sloughgrass (Beckmannia syzigachne) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.  In Japan this weed first evolved resistance to Group 3 (Legacy K1) herbicides in 2010 and infests Spring Barley, and Wheat.   Group 3 (Legacy K1) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly (Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to trifluralin and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 3 (Legacy K1) herbicides. The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

QUIK STATS (last updated Dec 29, 2013 ) Common Name American Sloughgrass Species Beckmannia syzigachne Group Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly HRAC Group 3 (Legacy K1) Herbicides trifluralin Location Japan, Fukuoka, Saga Year 2010 Situation(s) Spring Barley, and Wheat Contributors - (Alphabetically) Satoshi Iwakami, Tohru Tominaga, and Akira Uchino  Edit this Case  |  Add New Case of Resistance  |  Add Note

ACADEMIC ASPECTS Confirmation Tests Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible American Sloughgrass biotype with this American Sloughgrass biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.   Genetics Genetic studies on HRAC Group 3 resistant American Sloughgrass have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature   Mechanism of Resistance The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.   Relative Fitness There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 3 (Legacy K1) resistant American Sloughgrass from Japan please update the database.   Edit Case  |  Add Note  |  Add Article  |  Add New Case  |  Help

CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS SATOSHI IWAKAMI Weed Scientist University of Tsukuba Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences 1-1-1 Tennoudai Tsukuba, 305-8577, Ibaraki Japan Email Satoshi Iwakami TOHRU TOMINAGA Professor Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho Sakyo Kyoto, 606-8502, Kyoto Japan Email Tohru Tominaga AKIRA UCHINO Weed Scientist NARO Agricultural Research Center Graduate School of Agriculture 3-1-1 Kannondai Tsukuba, 305-8666, Ibaraki Japan Email Akira Uchino

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Japan have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Satoshi Iwakami, Tohru Tominaga, and Akira Uchino for providing detailed information.

Herbicide Resistant American Sloughgrass Globally (Beckmannia syzigachne) Herbicide Resistant American Sloughgrass Globally (Beckmannia syzigachne) Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column Herbicide Resistant American Sloughgrass Globally (Beckmannia syzigachne) # Country Country StateName FirstYear Situation Active Ingredients CountryID Site of Action WeedID Species CommonName ResistID 1 China China   1993 Cereals, and Wheat chlorotoluron 9 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) 31 Beckmannia syzigachne American Sloughgrass 70 2 China China   2010 Winter wheat fenoxaprop-ethyl 9 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A) 31 Beckmannia syzigachne American Sloughgrass 5609 3 Japan Japan   2010 Spring Barley, and Wheat trifluralin 25 Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly ( HRAC Group 3 (Legacy K1) 31 Beckmannia syzigachne American Sloughgrass 7768

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Li YiWei ; Chen YiFeng ; Li YongFeng ; Tang RiSheng ; Mei ChuanSheng. 1997. Inductive resistance to chlorsulfuron in Beckmannia syzigachne and Alopecurus japonicum in vitro. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences 13 : 85 - 89.

In vitro experiments were conducted to study the characteristics of induced resistance to chlorsulfuron in subcultures of Beckmannia syzigachne and Alopecurus japonicum young-panicle callus tissue. Results indicated that the sensitivity of acetolactate synthase (ALS) decreased in both the weed species with increasing chlorsulfuron concentration. The IC₅₀ (the concentration causing 50% inhibition) of ALS activity increased from 1 to 300 µg/litre for 6-12 subcultures of B. syzigachne and from 1 to 100 µg for 4-10 subcultures of A. japonicum. Induced resistance was also observed in regenerated plantlets of B. syzigachne; resistant plantlets from subcultures exposed to high levels of chlorsulfuron suffered less inhibition of growth when exposed to 200 µg and fewer died when exposed to 1000 µg than did those regenerated from subcultures with a history of lower level chlorsulfuron exposure. Callus growth and differentiation, and plantlet development in B. syzigachne were unaffected by chlorsulfuron during subculturing..

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