International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

Countries Weeds Herbicides Mutations Graphs References Researchers
MULTIPLE RESISTANT FALSE CLEAVERS
(Galium spurium)


Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Auxin Mimics HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)

Canada, Alberta
INTRODUCTION FALSE CLEAVERS
False Cleavers (Galium spurium) is a dicot weed in the Rubiaceae family.  In Alberta this weed first evolved multiple resistance (to 2 herbicide sites of action) in 1996 and infests Canola, Cereals, and Wheat.  Multiple resistance has evolved to herbicides in the Groups 2 (Legacy B), and Auxin Mimics HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O).  These particular biotypes are known to have resistance to imazethapyr, metsulfuron-methyl, quinclorac, sulfometuron-methyl, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, and tribenuron-methyl and they may be cross-resistant to other herbicides in the Groups 2 (Legacy B), and Auxin Mimics HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O).

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Jan 18, 2014 )

Common NameFalse Cleavers
SpeciesGalium spurium
GroupInhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Auxin Mimics HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
Herbicidesimazethapyr, metsulfuron-methyl, quinclorac, sulfometuron-methyl, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, and tribenuron-methyl
LocationCanada, Alberta
Year1996
Situation(s)Canola, Cereals, and Wheat
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Linda Hall 
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

GENERAL

Hugh Beckie
L. M. Hall, K. M. Stromme, G. P. Horsman, and M. D. Devine. 1998. Resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibitors and quinclorac in a biotype of false cleavers (Galium spurium). Weed Sci. 46:390-396.

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MECHANISM

Hugh Beckie
ALS resistance is due to target site insensitivity, whereas the mechanism of quinclorac resistance is unknown.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible False Cleavers biotype with this False Cleavers biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2, 4 resistant False Cleavers have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of multiple resistant False Cleavers from Alberta please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

LINDA HALL
Alberta Agriculture
Plant Industry Division
Agronomy Unit
4550 New Linden Hill Rd
Ste 501,
Edmonton, T6H 5Z2, Alberta
Canada
Email Linda Hall

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Alberta have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Linda Hall for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant False Cleavers Globally
(Galium spurium)
Herbicide Resistant False Cleavers Globally
(Galium spurium)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant False Cleavers Globally
(Galium spurium)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 Canada (Alberta) CanadaAlberta1996 Canola, Cereals, and Wheat imazethapyr, metsulfuron-methyl, quinclorac, sulfometuron-methyl, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, and tribenuron-methyl 7 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
93Galium spuriumFalse Cleavers508
2 Canada (Saskatchewan) CanadaSaskatchewan2006 Spring Barley, and Wheat thifensulfuron-methyl, and tribenuron-methyl 7 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
93Galium spuriumFalse Cleavers5321
3 Canada (Manitoba) CanadaManitoba2008 Canola thifensulfuron-methyl, and tribenuron-methyl 7 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
93Galium spuriumFalse Cleavers5629
4 GreeceGreece 2022 Wheat bensulfuron-methyl, florasulam, metsulfuron-methyl, and pyroxsulam 19 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
93Galium spuriumFalse Cleavers27278
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