International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

Countries Weeds Herbicides Mutations Graphs References Researchers
HRAC GROUP 9 (LEGACY G) RESISTANT RED BROME
(Bromus rubens)

Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)

Spain, Cordoba, Granada, Malaga
INTRODUCTION RED BROME
Red Brome (Bromus rubens) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.  In Spain this weed first evolved resistance to Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides in 2018 and infests Almonds, Olive, and Orchards.   Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (Inhibition of EPSP synthase).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to glyphosate and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Dec 16, 2020 )

Common NameRed Brome
SpeciesBromus rubens
GroupInhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
Herbicidesglyphosate
LocationSpain, Cordoba, Granada, Malaga
Year2018
Situation(s)Almonds, Olive, and Orchards
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Rafael De Prado, Candelario Palma-Bautista, and José G. Vázquez-García 
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Red Brome biotype with this Red Brome biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 9 resistant Red Brome have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 9 (Legacy G) resistant Red Brome from Spain please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

RAFAEL DE PRADO
Universidad De Cordoba
Qvimica Agricola Y Edafologa
E T S Ingenieros Agronomos
PO Box 119
Cordoba, E-14080, Andalusia
Spain
Email Rafael De Prado
CANDELARIO PALMA-BAUTISTA
Investigador Posdoctoral
Universidad Autónoma Chapingo
Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola
Campus Central
Carretera México – Texcoco Km 38.5 Texcoco, México CP 56230
Texcoco, 56230, Estado de México
Mexico
Email Candelario Palma-Bautista
JOSÉ G. VÁZQUEZ-GARCÍA
Investigador Posdoctoral
University of Cordoba
Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology
Campus of Rabanales
Cordoba, 14071, Province
Spain
Email José G. Vázquez-García

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Spain have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Rafael De Prado, Candelario Palma-Bautista, and José G. Vázquez-García for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Red Brome Globally
(Bromus rubens)
Herbicide Resistant Red Brome Globally
(Bromus rubens)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Red Brome Globally
(Bromus rubens)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 Australia (Western Australia) AustraliaWestern Australia2014 Fallow glyphosate 1 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
 		324Bromus rubensRed Brome10964
2 SpainSpain 2018 Almonds, Olive, and Orchards glyphosate 38 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
 		324Bromus rubensRed Brome18210
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