INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE

HRAC GROUP 5 (LEGACY C1 C2) RESISTANT POWELL AMARANTH
(Amaranthus powellii)


PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)

United States, Washington
INTRODUCTION POWELL AMARANTH
Powell Amaranth (Amaranthus powellii) is a dicot weed in the Amaranthaceae family.  In Washington this weed first evolved resistance to Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) herbicides in 1992 and infests Mint.   Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) herbicides are known as PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (Inhbition of Photosynthesis at PSll - Serine 264 Binders ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to terbacil and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Jan 01, 2014 )

Common NamePowell Amaranth
SpeciesAmaranthus powellii
GroupPSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Herbicidesterbacil
LocationUnited States, Washington
Year1992
Situation(s)Mint
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Kassim Al-Khatib, and Rick Boydston (Retired) 
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

GENERAL

Kassim Al-Khatib
Boydston, R. A. and K. Al-Khatib. 1992. Terbacil and bromacil cross-resistance in Powell amaranth (Amaranthus powellii). Weed Science. 40:513-516.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Powell Amaranth biotype with this Powell Amaranth biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 5 resistant Powell Amaranth have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) resistant Powell Amaranth from Washington please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

KASSIM AL-KHATIB
Director and Ce Specialist, Statewide IPM Program
Statewide IPM Program
Integrated Pest Management
2801 Second Street #152
Davis, 95618-7774, California
United States
Email Kassim Al-Khatib
Web   : Web Site Link
RICK BOYDSTON (RETIRED)
Research Weed Scientist
USDA-ARS
WSU Prosser (IAREC)
Hamilton Hall 24106 N Bunn Rd.
Prosser, 99350, Washington
United States
Email Rick Boydston (Retired)
Web   : Web Site Link

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Washington have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Kassim Al-Khatib, and Rick Boydston (Retired) for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Powell Amaranth Globally
(Amaranthus powellii)
Herbicide Resistant Powell Amaranth Globally
(Amaranthus powellii)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Powell Amaranth Globally
(Amaranthus powellii)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario1977 Corn (maize) atrazine, and metribuzin 7 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth1158
2 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario1998 Corn (maize), Cropland, and Soybean imazethapyr, and thifensulfuron-methyl 7 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth1159
3 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario1998 Corn (maize), Soybean, and Wheat atrazine, imazethapyr, and metribuzin 7 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth5049
4 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario1999 Carrots atrazine, linuron, monolinuron, and prometryne 7 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth5048
5 Canada (Manitoba) CanadaManitoba2008 Beans, and Wheat thifensulfuron-methyl, and tribenuron-methyl 7 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth5631
6 Canada (Quebec) CanadaQuebec2012 Carrots linuron 7 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth17123
7 Canada (Quebec) CanadaQuebec2012 Soybean imazethapyr 7 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth17124
8 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario2019 Soybean aminocyclopyrachlor, dichlorprop, imazethapyr, MCPA, and mecoprop 7 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth24243
9 Czech RepublicCzech Republic 1989 Orchards atrazine, cyanazine, prometryne, simazine, and terbutryne 12 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth78
10 FranceFrance 1982 Corn (maize) atrazine 17 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth452
11 SwitzerlandSwitzerland 1986 Corn (maize) atrazine 41 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth197
12 United States (Washington) United StatesWashington1992 Mint terbacil 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth331
13 United States (Ohio) United StatesOhio1996 Soybean imazaquin 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth1100
14 United States (Michigan) United StatesMichigan2001 Asparagus, and Nurseries atrazine, and diuron 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
15Amaranthus powelliiPowell Amaranth5176
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