INTERNATIONAL HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEED DATABASE

HRAC GROUP 3 (LEGACY K1) RESISTANT GREEN FOXTAIL
(Setaria viridis)


Inhibition of Microtubule AssemblyHRAC Group 3 (Legacy K1)

Canada, Manitoba
INTRODUCTION GREEN FOXTAIL
Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.  In Manitoba this weed first evolved resistance to Group 3 (Legacy K1) herbicides in 1988 and infests Canola, Cropland, Spring Barley, and Wheat.   Group 3 (Legacy K1) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly (Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to ethalfluralin, and trifluralin and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 3 (Legacy K1) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Dec 28, 2000 )

Common NameGreen Foxtail
SpeciesSetaria viridis
GroupInhibition of Microtubule Assembly HRAC Group 3 (Legacy K1)
Herbicidesethalfluralin, and trifluralin
LocationCanada, Manitoba
Year1988
Situation(s)Canola, Cropland, Spring Barley, and Wheat
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Hugh Beckie, and Lyle Friesen 
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

AREAS FOUND

Lyle Friesen
Manitoba, mainly south western region, saskatchewan. Originally at Deloraine, Kilarney, Oak River, and Lyleton.

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GENERAL

Lyle Friesen
Now some instances of dinitroanaline resistance combined with ACCase inhibitor resistance.

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GENERAL

Hugh Beckie
Morrison, I. N., B. G. Todd, and K. M. Nawolsky. 1989. Confirmation of trifluralin-resistantgreen foxtail (Setaria viridis) in Manitoba. Weed Technol. 3:544-551. Also: Andrews, T. S. and I. N. Morrison. 1997. The persistence of trifluralin resistance in green foxtail(Setaria viridis) populations. Weed Technol. 11:369-372. Also: Goodwin, M. 1994. An extension program for ACCase inhibitor resistance in Manitoba: a case study. Phytoprotection 75(Suppl.):97-102. Also: Smeda, R. J., K. C. Vaughn, and I. N. Morrison. 1992. A novel pattern of herbicide cross resistance in a trifluralin-resistant biotype of green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.]. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 42:227-241. Also: Jasieniuk, M., A. L. Brǔlé-Babel, and I. N. Morrison. 1994. Inheritance of trifluralin resistance in green foxtail (Setaria viridis). Weed Sci. 42:123-127.

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MECHANISM

Hugh Beckie
An altered microtubule-associated protein has been proposed to confer resistance in green foxtail.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Field, Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Green Foxtail biotype with this Green Foxtail biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 3 resistant Green Foxtail indicate that the inheritance is determined by a one gene, recessive, nuclear trait.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 3 (Legacy K1) resistant Green Foxtail from Manitoba please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

HUGH BECKIE
Professor of Crop Weed Science...Canadian Expat
University of Western Australia
Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative
School of Agriculture and Environment
35 Stirling Highway
Crawley, 6009, Western Australia
Australia
Email Hugh Beckie
LYLE FRIESEN
Professor of Crop Weed Science...Canadian Expat
University Of Manitoba
Agriculture Bldg
Rua Hugo Cabral 1065 Apto 301
Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Manitoba
Canada
Email Lyle Friesen

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Manitoba have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Hugh Beckie, and Lyle Friesen for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Green Foxtail Globally
(Setaria viridis)
Herbicide Resistant Green Foxtail Globally
(Setaria viridis)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Green Foxtail Globally
(Setaria viridis)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 Canada (Manitoba) CanadaManitoba1988 Canola, Cropland, Spring Barley, and Wheat ethalfluralin, and trifluralin 7 Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly ( HRAC Group 3 (Legacy K1)
153Setaria viridisGreen Foxtail52
2 Canada (Alberta) CanadaAlberta1989 Canola, Peas, Spring Barley, and Wheat ethalfluralin, and trifluralin 7 Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly ( HRAC Group 3 (Legacy K1)
153Setaria viridisGreen Foxtail5071
3 Canada (Manitoba) CanadaManitoba1991 Canola, Cropland, Spring Barley, and Wheat diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, sethoxydim, and tralkoxydim 7 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
153Setaria viridisGreen Foxtail53
4 Canada (Saskatchewan) CanadaSaskatchewan1991 Canola, Flax, Spring Barley, and Wheat ethalfluralin, and trifluralin 7 Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly ( HRAC Group 3 (Legacy K1)
153Setaria viridisGreen Foxtail5040
5 Canada (Manitoba) CanadaManitoba1992 Canola, Flax, Spring Barley, and Wheat diclofop-methyl, ethalfluralin, fenoxaprop-ethyl, sethoxydim, tralkoxydim, and trifluralin 7 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly ( HRAC Group 3 (Legacy K1)
153Setaria viridisGreen Foxtail5037
6 Canada (Saskatchewan) CanadaSaskatchewan1996 Canola, Cropland, Spring Barley, and Wheat fenoxaprop-ethyl, and sethoxydim 7 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
153Setaria viridisGreen Foxtail5038
7 Canada (Alberta) CanadaAlberta1996 Wheat diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, and sethoxydim 7 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
153Setaria viridisGreen Foxtail5039
8 Canada (Saskatchewan) CanadaSaskatchewan1996 Canola, Peas, Spring Barley, and Wheat fenoxaprop-ethyl, and trifluralin 7 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly ( HRAC Group 3 (Legacy K1)
153Setaria viridisGreen Foxtail5070
9 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario2001 Corn (maize), and Soybean flucarbazone-Na, imazethapyr, nicosulfuron, and pyrithiobac-sodium 7 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
153Setaria viridisGreen Foxtail5124
10 Canada (Manitoba) CanadaManitoba2002 Wheat imazethapyr, and sulfosulfuron 7 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
153Setaria viridisGreen Foxtail5221
11 FranceFrance 1982 Corn (maize) atrazine 17 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
153Setaria viridisGreen Foxtail470
12 FranceFrance 2011 Corn (maize) foramsulfuron, and nicosulfuron 17 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
153Setaria viridisGreen Foxtail9933
13 SpainSpain 1987 Corn (maize) atrazine 38 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
153Setaria viridisGreen Foxtail178
14 United States (North Dakota) United StatesNorth Dakota1989 Sunflower, and Wheat trifluralin 45 Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly ( HRAC Group 3 (Legacy K1)
153Setaria viridisGreen Foxtail493
15 United States (Wisconsin) United StatesWisconsin1999 Corn (maize), and Soybean imazamox 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
153Setaria viridisGreen Foxtail1172
16 United States (Montana) United StatesMontana2005 Canola, Peas, Spring Barley, and Wheat diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fluazifop-butyl, pinoxaden, and sethoxydim 45 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
153Setaria viridisGreen Foxtail7804
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