International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

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MULTIPLE RESISTANT TALL WATERHEMP
(Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis))


Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Auxin Mimics HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)

United States, Nebraska
INTRODUCTION TALL WATERHEMP
Tall Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)) is a dicot weed in the Amaranthaceae family.  In Nebraska this weed first evolved multiple resistance (to 3 herbicide sites of action) in 2009 and infests Pastures.  Multiple resistance has evolved to herbicides in the Groups 2 (Legacy B), PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2), and Auxin Mimics HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O).  These particular biotypes are known to have resistance to 2,4-D, aminopyralid, atrazine, chlorimuron-ethyl, imazethapyr, and picloram and they may be cross-resistant to other herbicides in the Groups 2 (Legacy B), PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2), and Auxin Mimics HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O).

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Jun 21, 2017 )

Common NameTall Waterhemp
SpeciesAmaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)
GroupInhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)

Auxin Mimics HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
Herbicides2,4-D, aminopyralid, atrazine, chlorimuron-ethyl, imazethapyr, and picloram
LocationUnited States, Nebraska
Year2009
Situation(s)Pastures
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Mark Bernards, Roberto Javier Crespo, Greg Kruger, and Lowell Sandell 
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

GENERAL

Greg Kruger
Waterhemp plants treated with up to 64 times the recommended rate of 2,4-D were stunted, but recovered to produce seed.A waterhemp population from southeast Nebraska has been confirmed to be resistant to 2-4-D. The resistant population is believed to be limited to a few fields. In 2009 we received a report of a warm season grass field with a waterhemp population that was no longer being controlled by 2,4-D. Seed from this field was collected in 2009 and 2010 and greenhouse dose response trials were conducted to determine if the population was herbicide resistant. When compared to a susceptible population, the suspect population was 10-fold more tolerant to 2,4-D. In the greenhouse, a dose of 5 fl oz/ac of 2,4-D (Lo-vol ester, 3.8 lb ae/gal) reduced growth of the susceptible population by 50%. In contrast, 54 fl oz/ac were required to reduce the growth of the suspect population by 50%. In a 2011 study conducted in the field where seed from the suspect population was collected, plants were treated with 2,4-D doses of 0.25 to 64 qt/ac (64 times a typical use rate). At 28 days after treatment (DAT), plants treated with 64 qt/ac were stunted compared to untreated plants and showed injury symptoms characteristic of 2,4-D, but were recovering. At 84 DAT, individual plants that had been treated with 64 qt/ac recovered sufficiently to produce seed. We believe these results warrant labeling this population as 2,4-D resistant.This is the sixth herbicide mechanism-of-action (Synthetic auxins) to which waterhemp has developed resistance in the United States, and the third reported in Nebraska. This population was first found by Drs. Roch Gaussoin and Mark Bernards.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Field, and Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Tall Waterhemp biotype with this Tall Waterhemp biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2, 5, 4 resistant Tall Waterhemp have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of multiple resistant Tall Waterhemp from Nebraska please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

MARK BERNARDS
Assistant Professor
Western Illinois University
School Of Agriculture
Knoblauch Hall 227
Macomb, 61455-1390, Illinois
United States
Email Mark Bernards
Web   : Web Site Link
ROBERTO JAVIER CRESPO
Professor
Rosario National University
College of Agricultural Science
Campo Experimental Villarino C.C. 14
Zavalla, S2125ZAA, Santa Fe
Argentina
Email Roberto Javier Crespo
Web   : Web Site Link
GREG KRUGER
Assistant Professor
University Of Nebraska - Lincoln
Agronomy & Horticulture
West Central Research & Extension Center - 402 West State Farm Road
North Platte, 69101-7756, Nebraska
United States
Email Greg Kruger
Web   : Web Site Link
LOWELL SANDELL
Weed Science Extension Educator
University Of Nebraska-Lincoln
Agronomy & Horticulture
174 Keim Hall
Lincoln, 68583-0915, Nebraska
United States
Email Lowell Sandell
Web   : Web Site Link

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Nebraska have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Mark Bernards, Roberto Javier Crespo, Greg Kruger, and Lowell Sandell for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Tall Waterhemp Globally
(Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis))
Herbicide Resistant Tall Waterhemp Globally
(Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis))
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Tall Waterhemp Globally
(Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis))
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario2002 Soybean atrazine, and imazethapyr 7 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5212
2 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario2002 Soybean imazethapyr 7 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5213
3 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario2014 Soybean glyphosate, and imazethapyr 7 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp9940
4 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario2017 Corn (maize), and Soybean atrazine, glyphosate, imazethapyr, and lactofen 7 Multiple Resistance: 4 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ( HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp17140
5 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario2017 Corn (maize), and Soybean atrazine, glyphosate, and imazethapyr 7 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp17141
6 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario2017 Corn (maize), and Soybean atrazine, glyphosate, and metribuzin 7 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp17142
7 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario2021 Corn (maize), Dry, bean, edible, and Soybean atrazine, glyphosate, imazethapyr, lactofen, mesotrione, and metribuzin 7 Multiple Resistance: 5 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ( HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E)
Inhibition of Hydroxyphenyl Pyruvate Dioxygenase ( HRAC Group 27 (Legacy F2)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp24242
8 IsraelIsrael 2019 Corn (maize), Cotton, and Sunflower foramsulfuron, pyrithiobac-sodium, and trifloxysulfuron-Na 23 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp18207
9 United States (Iowa) United StatesIowa1993 Corn (maize), and Soybean imazethapyr 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp239
10 United States (Illinois) United StatesIllinois1993 Corn (maize), and Soybean chlorimuron-ethyl, imazethapyr, and thifensulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5183
11 United States (Missouri) United StatesMissouri1994 Corn (maize) atrazine 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp1066
12 United States (Missouri) United StatesMissouri1994 Corn (maize), Cotton, and Soybean chlorimuron-ethyl, flumetsulam, halosulfuron-methyl, imazamox, imazaquin, imazethapyr, nicosulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, prosulfuron, and thifensulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp1083
13 United States (Minnesota) United StatesMinnesota1994 Soybean imazethapyr, and thifensulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp7802
14 United States (Kansas) United StatesKansas1995 Alfalfa, Corn (maize), Sorghum, and Soybean imazethapyr, and thifensulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp333
15 United States (Kansas) United StatesKansas1995 Corn (maize), and Sorghum atrazine 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp1038
16 United States (Nebraska) United StatesNebraska1996 Corn (maize) atrazine 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp525
17 United States (Iowa) United StatesIowa1996 Corn (maize) atrazine 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp1061
18 United States (Ohio) United StatesOhio1996 Soybean chlorimuron-ethyl, imazethapyr, and thifensulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp1087
19 United States (Illinois) United StatesIllinois1996 Corn (maize), Cropland, and Soybean atrazine, flumetsulam, imazethapyr, and thifensulfuron-methyl 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp1127
20 United States (Wisconsin) United StatesWisconsin1999 Soybean imazethapyr 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5090
21 United States (Michigan) United StatesMichigan2000 Soybean chlorimuron-ethyl, imazethapyr, and thifensulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5179
22 United States (Kansas) United StatesKansas2001 Soybean acifluorfen, chlorimuron-ethyl, fomesafen, imazethapyr, lactofen, and thifensulfuron-methyl 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ( HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5112
23 United States (Illinois) United StatesIllinois2001 Corn (maize) atrazine, and cyanazine 45 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5182
24 United States (Oklahoma) United StatesOklahoma2002 Corn (maize), and Soybean chlorimuron-ethyl, imazaquin, imazethapyr, nicosulfuron, and primisulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5156
25 United States (Illinois) United StatesIllinois2002 Corn (maize), Cropland, and Soybean acifluorfen, atrazine, fomesafen, imazamox, lactofen, and thifensulfuron-methyl 45 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ( HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5171
26 United States (Missouri) United StatesMissouri2005 Corn (maize), and Soybean acifluorfen, cloransulam-methyl, fomesafen, glyphosate, imazamox, imazethapyr, and lactofen 45 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ( HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5269
27 United States (Indiana) United StatesIndiana2005 Soybean chlorimuron-ethyl, cloransulam-methyl, imazaquin, and imazethapyr 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5521
28 United States (Kansas) United StatesKansas2006 Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5307
29 United States (Illinois) United StatesIllinois2006 Corn (maize), and Soybean chlorimuron-ethyl, glyphosate, and imazethapyr 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5311
30 United States (Texas) United StatesTexas2006 Corn (maize), Cotton, and Sorghum glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp7776
31 United States (Tennessee) United StatesTennessee2007 Soybean cloransulam-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5314
32 United States (Minnesota) United StatesMinnesota2007 Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5334
33 United States (Minnesota) United StatesMinnesota2007 Soybean glyphosate, imazapyr, and thifensulfuron-methyl 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp7803
34 United States (Ohio) United StatesOhio2008 Corn (maize), and Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5697
35 United States (Iowa) United StatesIowa2009 Soybean lactofen 45 Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ( HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5460
36 United States (Iowa) United StatesIowa2009 Corn (maize), and Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5461
37 United States (Iowa) United StatesIowa2009 Seed corn atrazine, mesotrione, rimsulfuron, tembotrione, thifensulfuron-methyl, and topramezone 45 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Inhibition of Hydroxyphenyl Pyruvate Dioxygenase ( HRAC Group 27 (Legacy F2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5490
38 United States (Illinois) United StatesIllinois2009 Seed corn atrazine, chlorimuron-ethyl, imazethapyr, mesotrione, tembotrione, and topramezone 45 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Inhibition of Hydroxyphenyl Pyruvate Dioxygenase ( HRAC Group 27 (Legacy F2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5491
39 United States (Indiana) United StatesIndiana2009 Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5518
40 United States (Nebraska) United StatesNebraska2009 Pastures 2,4-D, aminopyralid, atrazine, chlorimuron-ethyl, imazethapyr, and picloram 45 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5574
41 United States (Missouri) United StatesMissouri2009 Corn (maize), Cotton, and Soybean chlorimuron-ethyl, cloransulam-methyl, and glyphosate 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp7807
42 United States (Illinois) United StatesIllinois2009 Corn (maize), and Soybean atrazine, chlorimuron-ethyl, glyphosate, imazethapyr, and lactofen 45 Multiple Resistance: 4 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ( HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp7864
43 United States (Mississippi) United StatesMississippi2010 Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5485
44 United States (North Dakota) United StatesNorth Dakota2010 Corn (maize), Soybean, and Sugar beets glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5575
45 United States (South Dakota) United StatesSouth Dakota2010 Corn (maize), and Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5633
46 United States (Kentucky) United StatesKentucky2010 Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp7881
47 United States (Mississippi) United StatesMississippi2010 Soybean imazethapyr, pyrithiobac-sodium, and trifloxysulfuron-Na 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp16080
48 United States (Iowa) United StatesIowa2011 Corn (maize), and Soybean atrazine, chlorimuron-ethyl, glyphosate, imazamethabenz-methyl, isoxaflutole, mesotrione, and thifensulfuron-methyl 45 Multiple Resistance: 4 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Inhibition of Hydroxyphenyl Pyruvate Dioxygenase ( HRAC Group 27 (Legacy F2)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5576
49 United States (Nebraska) United StatesNebraska2011 Corn (maize) mesotrione, tembotrione, and topramezone 45 Inhibition of Hydroxyphenyl Pyruvate Dioxygenase ( HRAC Group 27 (Legacy F2)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5582
50 United States (Oklahoma) United StatesOklahoma2011 Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5593
51 United States (Tennessee) United StatesTennessee2011 Cotton, and Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5595
52 United States (Nebraska) United StatesNebraska2012 Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp5737
53 United States (Wisconsin) United StatesWisconsin2013 Corn (maize), and Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp10958
54 United States (Indiana) United StatesIndiana2014 Soybean fomesafen 45 Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ( HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp8919
55 United States (Minnesota) United StatesMinnesota2014 Soybean fomesafen 45 Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ( HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp11004
56 United States (Arkansas) United StatesArkansas2015 Cotton, and Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp10980
57 United States (Louisiana) United StatesLouisiana2015 Cotton, and Soybean glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp11005
58 United States (Minnesota) United StatesMinnesota2016 Corn (maize), and Soybean fomesafen, glyphosate, and lactofen 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ( HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp13056
59 United States (Illinois) United StatesIllinois2016 Corn (maize), and Soybean 2,4-D, acifluorfen, atrazine, chlorimuron-ethyl, dicamba, fomesafen, imazethapyr, lactofen, mesotrione, tembotrione, and topramezone 45 Multiple Resistance: 5 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ( HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E)
Inhibition of Hydroxyphenyl Pyruvate Dioxygenase ( HRAC Group 27 (Legacy F2)
Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp14051
60 United States (Wisconsin) United StatesWisconsin2016 Soybean fomesafen, glyphosate, and lactofen 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ( HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp16100
61 United States (Nebraska) United StatesNebraska2016 Soybean acifluorfen, atrazine, chlorimuron-ethyl, fomesafen, glyphosate, imazethapyr, and lactofen 45 Multiple Resistance: 4 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ( HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp17121
62 United States (Illinois) United StatesIllinois2016 Corn (maize), and Soybean acetochlor, dimethenamid, pyroxasulfone, and S-metolachlor 45 Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis inhibitors ( HRAC Group 15 (Legacy K3 N)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp18152
63 United States (North Carolina) United StatesNorth Carolina2020 Soybean atrazine, fomesafen, glyphosate, imazethapyr, and mesotrione 45 Multiple Resistance: 5 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ( HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E)
Inhibition of Hydroxyphenyl Pyruvate Dioxygenase ( HRAC Group 27 (Legacy F2)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp19222
64 United States (Iowa) United StatesIowa2021 Soybean dicamba 45 Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp27263
65 United States (Idaho) United StatesIdaho2023 Sugar beets glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp27264
66 UruguayUruguay 2022 Corn (maize), and Soybean glyphosate 73 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
219Amaranthus tuberculatus (=A. rudis)Tall Waterhemp24245
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