International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

Countries Weeds Herbicides Mutations Graphs References Researchers
MULTIPLE RESISTANT SHORTAWN FOXTAIL
(Alopecurus aequalis)


Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Inhibition of Microtubule AssemblyHRAC Group 3 (Legacy K1)

Japan, Fukuoka
INTRODUCTION SHORTAWN FOXTAIL
Shortawn Foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.  In Japan this weed first evolved multiple resistance (to 2 herbicide sites of action) in 2004 and infests Spring Barley, and Wheat.  Multiple resistance has evolved to herbicides in the Groups 2 (Legacy B), and Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly HRAC Group 3 (Legacy K1).  These particular biotypes are known to have resistance to thifensulfuron-methyl, and trifluralin and they may be cross-resistant to other herbicides in the Groups 2 (Legacy B), and Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly HRAC Group 3 (Legacy K1).

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Feb 04, 2016 )

Common NameShortawn Foxtail
SpeciesAlopecurus aequalis
GroupInhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly HRAC Group 3 (Legacy K1)
Herbicidesthifensulfuron-methyl, and trifluralin
LocationJapan, Fukuoka
Year2004
Situation(s)Spring Barley, and Wheat
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Saima Hashim 
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

HISTORY - FIRST CASE

Saima Hashim
Saima Hashim, Asad Jan, Yukari Sunohara, Mayumi Hachinohe, Hideki Ohdan and Hiroshi Matsumoto. 2012. Mutation of Alpha-Tubulin Genes in Trifluralin Resistant Water Foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis). Pest Management Science; 68: 422–429

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Field, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Shortawn Foxtail biotype with this Shortawn Foxtail biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2, 3 resistant Shortawn Foxtail indicate that the inheritance is determined by a one gene trait.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

Studies on the mechanism of resistance of multiple resistant Shortawn Foxtail from Japan indicate that resistance is due to an altered target site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the mechanism of resistance in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of multiple resistant Shortawn Foxtail from Japan please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

SAIMA HASHIM
Post Doc
Niaes
Biodiversity Division
5918 Bittersweet Dr
Tsukuba
Japan
Email Saima Hashim

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Japan have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Saima Hashim for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Shortawn Foxtail Globally
(Alopecurus aequalis)
Herbicide Resistant Shortawn Foxtail Globally
(Alopecurus aequalis)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Shortawn Foxtail Globally
(Alopecurus aequalis)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 ChinaChina 2010 Wheat clodinafop-propargyl, and fenoxaprop-ethyl 9 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
264Alopecurus aequalisShortawn Foxtail5524
2 ChinaChina 2014 Wheat fenoxaprop-ethyl, flucarbazone-Na, mesosulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, penoxsulam, pinoxaden, and quizalofop-ethyl 9 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
264Alopecurus aequalisShortawn Foxtail10954
3 JapanJapan 2004 Spring Barley, and Wheat thifensulfuron-methyl, and trifluralin 25 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly ( HRAC Group 3 (Legacy K1)
264Alopecurus aequalisShortawn Foxtail5570
4 JapanJapan 2005 Wheat, and Winter barley trifluralin 25 Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly ( HRAC Group 3 (Legacy K1)
264Alopecurus aequalisShortawn Foxtail11018
5 JapanJapan 2006 Wheat thifensulfuron-methyl 25 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
264Alopecurus aequalisShortawn Foxtail11019
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