International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

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HRAC GROUP 2 (LEGACY B) RESISTANT ARROWLEAFED MONOCHORIA
(Monochoria vaginalis)


Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Indonesia, Subang Regency, West Java Province
INTRODUCTION ARROWLEAFED MONOCHORIA
Arrowleafed Monochoria (Monochoria vaginalis) is a monocot weed in the Pontederiaceae family.  In Indonesia this weed first evolved resistance to Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides in 2022 and infests Rice.   Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to bensulfuron-methyl, bispyribac-sodium, and penoxsulam and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Sep 26, 2023 )

Common NameArrowleafed Monochoria
SpeciesMonochoria vaginalis
GroupInhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Herbicidesbensulfuron-methyl, bispyribac-sodium, and penoxsulam
LocationIndonesia, Subang Regency, West Java Province
Year2022
Situation(s)Rice
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Ian Heap 
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

GENERAL

Acetolactate synthase-inhibitor resistance in Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) C. Presl from Indonesia.  

Author(s) : Widianto, R. ;  Kurniadie, D. ;  Widayat, D. ;  Umiyati, U. ;  Nasahi, C. ;  Sari, S. ;  Juraimi, A. S. ;  Kato-Noguchi, H.

Author Affiliation : Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya, Bandung Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Jawa Barat, Indonesia.

Author Email : ryanwidianto21@hotmail.com ,  denny.kurniadie@unpad.ac.id ,  widayatdedi@yahoo.com ,  umiyati_uum@yahoo.com ,  ceppynasahi@yahoo.com ,  santika@unpad.ac.id ,  ashukor@upm.edu.my ,  kato.hisashi@kagawa-u.ac.jp

Journal article : Plants 2022 Vol.11 No.3 ref.33  

Abstract : Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) C. Presl, belonging to the family Pontederiaceae, is an aquatic herbaceous plant, native to temperate and tropical Asia. The species often occurs in paddy fields as a noxious weed in East Asia, and in the USA, and causes a significant reduction in rice production. The objective of the present research was the evaluation of the resistance levels of M. vaginalis against three chemical groups of acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor herbicides and other two different groups of herbicides, and the investigation of the mutations in the ALS gene of the resistant biotype of M. vaginalis. Herbicide dose-response experiments showed that the resistant biotype of M. vaginalis was highly resistant to bensulfuron-methyl, moderately resistant to bispyribac-sodium, had low resistance to penoxsulam and 2,4-D dimethyl ammonium, and was susceptible to sulfentrazone. The nucleotide sequences of the ALS gene of resistant and susceptible biotypes showed 14 base substitutions, which caused two amino acid substitutions: Val-143-Ile and Val-148-Ile. It is the first report of the substitutions of amino acids Val-143-Ile and Val-148-Ile in ALS protein. Those mutations may give different resistance spectra against three ALS-inhibitor herbicides: bensulfuron-methyl, bispyribac-sodium, and penoxsulam. Further research is needed to elucidate the molecular basis of target-site resistance mechanisms such as the transformation of the ALS gene of M. vaginalis. It is also necessary to evaluate herbicide mixtures and/or the rotation of herbicide sites of action to control the resistant biotype of M. vaginalis.

ISSN : 2223-7747

DOI : 10.3390/plants11030400

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Arrowleafed Monochoria biotype with this Arrowleafed Monochoria biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2 resistant Arrowleafed Monochoria have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

Studies on the mechanism of resistance of Group 2 (Legacy B) resistant Arrowleafed Monochoria from Indonesia indicate that resistance is due to an altered target site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the mechanism of resistance in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 2 (Legacy B) resistant Arrowleafed Monochoria from Indonesia please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

IAN HEAP
Director
International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds
P.O. Box 1365
Corvallis, 97339, Oregon
United States
Email Ian Heap
Web   : Web Site Link

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Indonesia have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Ian Heap for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Arrowleafed Monochoria Globally
(Monochoria vaginalis)
Herbicide Resistant Arrowleafed Monochoria Globally
(Monochoria vaginalis)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Arrowleafed Monochoria Globally
(Monochoria vaginalis)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 ChinaChina 2010 Rice bensulfuron-methyl 9 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
202Monochoria vaginalisArrowleafed Monochoria5655
2 IndonesiaIndonesia 2022 Rice bensulfuron-methyl, bispyribac-sodium, and penoxsulam 22 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
202Monochoria vaginalisArrowleafed Monochoria27274
3 JapanJapan 1998 Rice bensulfuron-methyl 25 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
202Monochoria vaginalisArrowleafed Monochoria7764
4 South KoreaSouth Korea 1999 Rice bensulfuron-methyl 27 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
202Monochoria vaginalisArrowleafed Monochoria151
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Cite this site as: Heap, I.  The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds.  Online.  Internet.  Wednesday, December 4, 2024 .  Available  www.weedscience.org
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