International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

Countries Weeds Herbicides Mutations Graphs References Researchers
MULTIPLE RESISTANT LARGE CRABGRASS
(Digitaria sanguinalis)


Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Australia, South Australia
INTRODUCTION LARGE CRABGRASS
Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.  In South Australia this weed first evolved multiple resistance (to 2 herbicide sites of action) in 1993 and infests Onions, and Vegetables.  Multiple resistance has evolved to herbicides in the Groups 1 (Legacy A), and Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B).  These particular biotypes are known to have resistance to fluazifop-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl, and imazethapyr and they may be cross-resistant to other herbicides in the Groups 1 (Legacy A), and Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B).

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Jan 22, 2014 )

Common NameLarge Crabgrass
SpeciesDigitaria sanguinalis
GroupInhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Herbicidesfluazifop-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl, and imazethapyr
LocationAustralia, South Australia
Year1993
Situation(s)Onions, and Vegetables
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Christopher Preston 
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

AREAS FOUND

Christopher Preston
South Australia Western Australia

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GENERAL

Christopher Preston
Originally evolved resistance to fluazifop, also resistant to haloxyfop but not to sethoxydim. Also has cross resistance to imazethapyr.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Large Crabgrass biotype with this Large Crabgrass biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 1, 2 resistant Large Crabgrass have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

Studies on the mechanism of resistance of multiple resistant Large Crabgrass from South Australia indicate that resistance is due to enhanced metabolism.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the mechanism of resistance in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of multiple resistant Large Crabgrass from South Australia please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

CHRISTOPHER PRESTON
University Of Adelaide - Waite Campus
Crc For Australian Weed Management And School Of Agriculture
Box 2146
Adelaide, 5064, South Australia
Australia
Email Christopher Preston

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in South Australia have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Christopher Preston for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Large Crabgrass Globally
(Digitaria sanguinalis)
Herbicide Resistant Large Crabgrass Globally
(Digitaria sanguinalis)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Large Crabgrass Globally
(Digitaria sanguinalis)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 ArgentinaArgentina 2019 Soybean glyphosate 48 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
77Digitaria sanguinalisLarge Crabgrass23239
2 Australia (South Australia) AustraliaSouth Australia1993 Onions, and Vegetables fluazifop-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl, and imazethapyr 1 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
77Digitaria sanguinalisLarge Crabgrass16
3 Canada (Ontario) CanadaOntario2011 Carrots, and Onions clethodim, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fluazifop-butyl, quizalofop-ethyl, and sethoxydim 7 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
77Digitaria sanguinalisLarge Crabgrass5678
4 ChinaChina 2010 Corn (maize) nicosulfuron 9 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
77Digitaria sanguinalisLarge Crabgrass5656
5 ChinaChina 2011 Cotton quizalofop-ethyl 9 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
77Digitaria sanguinalisLarge Crabgrass5672
6 Czech RepublicCzech Republic 2005 Railways atrazine 12 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
77Digitaria sanguinalisLarge Crabgrass5263
7 FranceFrance 1983 Corn (maize) atrazine 17 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
77Digitaria sanguinalisLarge Crabgrass461
8 FranceFrance 2005 Carrots cycloxydim, fluazifop-butyl, haloxyfop-methyl, and quizalofop-ethyl 17 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
77Digitaria sanguinalisLarge Crabgrass6748
9 FranceFrance 2015 Corn (maize) foramsulfuron, and nicosulfuron 17 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
77Digitaria sanguinalisLarge Crabgrass11010
10 ItalyItaly 2006 Soybean cycloxydim, and fluazifop-butyl 24 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
77Digitaria sanguinalisLarge Crabgrass5355
11 New ZealandNew Zealand 2022 Corn (maize) nicosulfuron 30 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
77Digitaria sanguinalisLarge Crabgrass25262
12 PolandPoland 1995 Orchards atrazine 33 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
77Digitaria sanguinalisLarge Crabgrass377
13 SwitzerlandSwitzerland 2021 Corn (maize) nicosulfuron 41 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
77Digitaria sanguinalisLarge Crabgrass27290
14 United States (Wisconsin) United StatesWisconsin1992 Carrots, and Onions fluazifop-butyl, and sethoxydim 45 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
77Digitaria sanguinalisLarge Crabgrass417
15 United States (Georgia) United StatesGeorgia2008 Turf sethoxydim 45 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
77Digitaria sanguinalisLarge Crabgrass7787
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