International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

Countries Weeds Herbicides Mutations Graphs References Researchers
HRAC GROUP 2 (LEGACY B) RESISTANT MIZUAOI (JPN)/MOOLOKZAM (KOR)
(Monochoria korsakowii)


Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

Japan, Hokkaido
INTRODUCTION MIZUAOI (JPN)/MOOLOKZAM (KOR)
Mizuaoi (JPN)/Moolokzam (KOR) (Monochoria korsakowii) is a monocot weed in the Pontederiaceae family.  In Japan this weed first evolved resistance to Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides in 1994 and infests Rice.   Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to bensulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Dec 28, 2013 )

Common NameMizuaoi (JPN)/Moolokzam (KOR)
SpeciesMonochoria korsakowii
GroupInhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Herbicidesbensulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl
LocationJapan, Hokkaido
Year1994
Situation(s)Rice
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Kazuyuki Itoh 
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

HISTORY - FIRST CASE

Kazuyuki Itoh
First case of ALS resistance in Japan. Also resistant to diquat.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Field, and Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Mizuaoi (JPN)/Moolokzam (KOR) biotype with this Mizuaoi (JPN)/Moolokzam (KOR) biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2 resistant Mizuaoi (JPN)/Moolokzam (KOR) have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 2 (Legacy B) resistant Mizuaoi (JPN)/Moolokzam (KOR) from Japan please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

KAZUYUKI ITOH
Professor
Kobe University
Graduate School of Agricultural Science
1-1 Rokkodaicho
Kobe, 657-0013, Hyogo
Japan
Email Kazuyuki Itoh

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Japan have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Kazuyuki Itoh for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Mizuaoi (JPN)/Moolokzam (KOR) Globally
(Monochoria korsakowii)
Herbicide Resistant Mizuaoi (JPN)/Moolokzam (KOR) Globally
(Monochoria korsakowii)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Mizuaoi (JPN)/Moolokzam (KOR) Globally
(Monochoria korsakowii)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 ChinaChina 2003 Rice bensulfuron-methyl, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 9 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
118Monochoria korsakowiiMizuaoi (JPN)/Moolokzam (KOR)5302
2 JapanJapan 1994 Rice bensulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 25 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
118Monochoria korsakowiiMizuaoi (JPN)/Moolokzam (KOR)129
3 South KoreaSouth Korea 1998 Rice bensulfuron-methyl 27 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
118Monochoria korsakowiiMizuaoi (JPN)/Moolokzam (KOR)153
Literature about Similar Cases

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