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GOOSEGRASS
(
Eleusine indica
)
with
GROUP G/9 resistance: (INHIBITION OF ENOLPYRUVYL SHIKIMATE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE )
Inhibition of EPSP synthase
MUTATION: THREONINE 102 to ISOLEUCINE
Goosegrass
(
Eleusine indica
) is a monocot plant in the poaceae family. A single amino acid substitution from Threonine 102 to Isoleucine has led to resistance to Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase as indicated in the table below.
Goosegrass
Chemical Family
Example Herbicide
Resistance Level
Glycines
glyphosate
Resistant > 10 fold
REFERENCES
Yu, Q., A. Jalaludin, H. Han, M. Chen, R.D. Sammons, and S. Powles
.
2015
.
Evolution of a Double Amino Acid Substitution in the 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase in Eleusine indica Conferring High-Level Glyphosate Resistance
.
Plant Physiology
167
:
1440 - 1447
.
Glyphosate is the most important and widely used herbicide in world agriculture. Intensive glyphosate selection has resulted in the widespread evolution of glyphosate-resistant weed populations, threatening the sustainability of this valuable once-in-a-century agrochemical. Field-evolved glyphosate resistance due to known resistance mechanisms is generally low to modest. Here, working with a highly glyphosate-resistant
Eleusine indica
population, we identified a double amino acid substitution (T102I + P106S [
TIPS
]) in the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (
EPSPS
) gene in glyphosate-resistant individuals. This
TIPS
mutation recreates the biotechnology-engineered commercial first generation glyphosate-tolerant
EPSPS
in corn (
Zea mays
) and now in other crops. In
E. indica
, the naturally evolved
TIPS
mutants are highly (more than 180-fold) resistant to glyphosate compared with the wild type and more resistant (more than 32-fold) than the previously known P106S mutants. The
E. indica
TIPS
EPSPS
showed very high-level (2,647-fold) in vitro resistance to glyphosate relative to the wild type and is more resistant (600-fold) than the P106S variant. The evolution of the
TIPS
mutation in crop fields under glyphosate selection is likely a sequential event, with the P106S mutation being selected first and fixed, followed by the T102I mutation to create the highly resistant
TIPS
EPSPS
. The sequential evolution of the
TIPS
mutation endowing high-level glyphosate resistance is an important mechanism by which plants adapt to intense herbicide selection and a dramatic example of evolution in action.
.
Chen, J., H. Huang, C. Zhang, S. Wei, Z. Huang, J. Chen, and X. Wang
.
2015
.
Mutations and amplification of
EPSPS
gene confer resistance to glyphosate in goosegrass (
Eleusine indica
)
.
Planta
242
:
859 - 868
.
Glyphosate has been used widely in the south of China. The high selection pressure from glyphosate use has led to the evolution of resistance to glyphosate in weeds. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of three recently discovered glyphosate-resistant
Eleusine indica
populations (R1, R2 and R3). The results showed that R1 and R2 had double Thr102Ile and Pro106Ser mutation and a single mutation of Pro106Leu in the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (
EPSPS
) gene, respectively.
Escherichia coli
containing the mutated
EPSPS
genes was tolerant to glyphosate. EPSPS activity in R1 and R2 plants was higher than in the sensitive plants. There was no amino acid substitution in
EPSPS
gene in R3. However, expression of
EPSPS
in R3 plants was higher than in glyphosate-susceptible (S) population (13.8-fold) after glyphosate treatment. EPSPS enzyme activity in both R3 and S plants was inhibited by glyphosate, while shikimate accumulation in R3 was significantly lower than for the S population. Further analysis revealed that the genome of R3 contained 28.3-fold more copies of the
EPSPS
gene than that of susceptible population.
EPSPS
expression was positively correlated with copy number of
EPSPS
. In conclusion, mutation of the
EPSPS
gene and increased
EPSPS
expression are part of the molecular mechanisms of resistance to glyphosate in
Eleusine indica
.
.
This case was entered by Todd Gaines Email:
todd.gaines@colostate.edu
PERMISSION MUST BE OBTAINED FIRST if you intend to base a significant portion of a scientific paper on data derived from this site.
Cite this site as:
Heap, I. The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. Online. Internet.
Tuesday, December 10, 2024
. Available
www.weedscience.org
Copyright © 1993-
2024
WeedScience.org All rights reserved. Fair use of this material is encouraged. Proper citation is requested.
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