International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

Countries Weeds Herbicides Mutations Graphs References Researchers
MULTIPLE RESISTANT CALIFORNIA ARROWHEAD
(Sagittaria montevidensis)


Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Histidine 215 Binders HRAC Group 6 (Legacy C3)

Brazil, Santa Catarina
INTRODUCTION CALIFORNIA ARROWHEAD
California Arrowhead (Sagittaria montevidensis) is a monocot weed in the Alismataceae family.  In Brazil this weed first evolved multiple resistance (to 2 herbicide sites of action) in 2009 and infests Rice.  Multiple resistance has evolved to herbicides in the Groups 2 (Legacy B), and PSII inhibitors - Histidine 215 Binders HRAC Group 6 (Legacy C3).  These particular biotypes are known to have resistance to bentazon, bispyribac-sodium, ethoxysulfuron, imazethapyr, metsulfuron-methyl, penoxsulam, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and they may be cross-resistant to other herbicides in the Groups 2 (Legacy B), and PSII inhibitors - Histidine 215 Binders HRAC Group 6 (Legacy C3).

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Dec 22, 2011 )

Common NameCalifornia Arrowhead
SpeciesSagittaria montevidensis
GroupInhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

PSII inhibitors - Histidine 215 Binders HRAC Group 6 (Legacy C3)
Herbicidesbentazon, bispyribac-sodium, ethoxysulfuron, imazethapyr, metsulfuron-methyl, penoxsulam, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl
LocationBrazil, Santa Catarina
Year2009
Situation(s)Rice
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Domingos Eberhardt, and José Noldin 
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Field, and Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible California Arrowhead biotype with this California Arrowhead biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2, 6 resistant California Arrowhead have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of multiple resistant California Arrowhead from Brazil please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

DOMINGOS EBERHARDT
Research
Epagri
Itajaí Experimental Station
Caixa Postal 277
Itajaí, 88301-970, Santa Catarina
Brazil
Email Domingos Eberhardt
JOSÉ NOLDIN
Weed Scientist
Epagri - Agri. And Extn Inst. For Santa Catarina State
Itajai Experiment Station
Dept of Agronomy Horticulture
PO Box 830915, 362 Plant Science
Itajaí, 88301-970, Santa Catarina
Brazil
Email José Noldin

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Brazil have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Domingos Eberhardt, and José Noldin for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant California Arrowhead Globally
(Sagittaria montevidensis)
Herbicide Resistant California Arrowhead Globally
(Sagittaria montevidensis)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant California Arrowhead Globally
(Sagittaria montevidensis)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 Australia (New South Wales ) AustraliaNew South Wales 1994 Rice bensulfuron-methyl 1 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead7
2 BrazilBrazil 1999 Rice bispyribac-sodium, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 5 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead1179
3 BrazilBrazil 2009 Rice bentazon, bispyribac-sodium, ethoxysulfuron, imazethapyr, metsulfuron-methyl, penoxsulam, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 5 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Histidine 215 Binders ( HRAC Group 6 (Legacy C3)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead5588
4 BrazilBrazil 2023 Rice florpyrauxifen 5 Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead26264
5 ChinaChina 2003 Rice bensulfuron-methyl, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 9 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead5303
6 United States (California) United StatesCalifornia1993 Rice bensulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead390
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