International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

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HRAC GROUP 5 (LEGACY C1 C2) RESISTANT FALL PANICUM
(Panicum dichotomiflorum)


PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)

Spain
INTRODUCTION FALL PANICUM
Fall Panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.  In Spain this weed first evolved resistance to Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) herbicides in 1981 and infests Corn (maize), and Cropland.   Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) herbicides are known as PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (Inhbition of Photosynthesis at PSll - Serine 264 Binders ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to atrazine and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Nov 19, 2000 )

Common NameFall Panicum
SpeciesPanicum dichotomiflorum
GroupPSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Herbicidesatrazine
LocationSpain
Year1981
Situation(s)Corn (maize), and Cropland
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Rafael De Prado 
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

GENERAL

Rafael De Prado
Romera, E. //Valenzuela, A. //Menendez, J. //De Prado, R. , 1983. Atrazine-resistance mechanisms in Panicum dichotomiflorum and Polygonum lapathifolium.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Fall Panicum biotype with this Fall Panicum biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 5 resistant Fall Panicum have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

Studies on the mechanism of resistance of Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) resistant Fall Panicum from Spain indicate that resistance is due to enhanced metabolism.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the mechanism of resistance in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) resistant Fall Panicum from Spain please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

RAFAEL DE PRADO
Universidad De Cordoba
Qvimica Agricola Y Edafologa
E T S Ingenieros Agronomos
PO Box 119
Cordoba, E-14080, Andalusia
Spain
Email Rafael De Prado

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Spain have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Rafael De Prado for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Fall Panicum Globally
(Panicum dichotomiflorum)
Herbicide Resistant Fall Panicum Globally
(Panicum dichotomiflorum)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Fall Panicum Globally
(Panicum dichotomiflorum)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 SpainSpain 1981 Corn (maize), and Cropland atrazine 38 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
122Panicum dichotomiflorumFall Panicum527
2 United States (Illinois) United StatesIllinois2019 Sweet corn nicosulfuron 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
122Panicum dichotomiflorumFall Panicum24246
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