International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

Countries Weeds Herbicides Mutations Graphs References Researchers
MULTIPLE RESISTANT LITTLE SEED CANARY GRASS
(Phalaris minor)


Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

South Africa
INTRODUCTION LITTLE SEED CANARY GRASS
Little seed Canary grass (Phalaris minor) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.  In South Africa this weed first evolved multiple resistance (to 2 herbicide sites of action) in 1999 and infests Pastures, and Wheat.  Multiple resistance has evolved to herbicides in the Groups 1 (Legacy A), and Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B).  These particular biotypes are known to have resistance to clodinafop-propargyl, diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, haloxyfop-methyl, iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, mesosulfuron-methyl, propaquizafop, quizalofop-ethyl, and sulfosulfuron and they may be cross-resistant to other herbicides in the Groups 1 (Legacy A), and Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B).

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Aug 04, 2003 )

Common NameLittle seed Canary grass
SpeciesPhalaris minor
GroupInhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Herbicidesclodinafop-propargyl, diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, haloxyfop-methyl, iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, mesosulfuron-methyl, propaquizafop, quizalofop-ethyl, and sulfosulfuron
LocationSouth Africa
Year1999
Situation(s)Pastures, and Wheat
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Pj Pieterse 
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Little seed Canary grass biotype with this Little seed Canary grass biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 1, 2 resistant Little seed Canary grass have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of multiple resistant Little seed Canary grass from South Africa please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

PJ PIETERSE
Lecturer
University Of Stellenbosch
Dept Of Agronomy
115 Weed Research Lab
Stellenbosch, 7602
South Africa
Email Pj Pieterse

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in South Africa have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Pj Pieterse for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Little seed Canary grass Globally
(Phalaris minor)
Herbicide Resistant Little seed Canary grass Globally
(Phalaris minor)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Little seed Canary grass Globally
(Phalaris minor)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 Australia (Victoria) AustraliaVictoria2012 Wheat clodinafop-propargyl 1 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
127Phalaris minorLittle seed Canary grass7838
2 IndiaIndia 1991 Wheat isoproturon 21 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
127Phalaris minorLittle seed Canary grass222
3 IndiaIndia 1994 Wheat diclofop-methyl, and pinoxaden 21 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
127Phalaris minorLittle seed Canary grass7815
4 IndiaIndia 2006 Wheat clodinafop-propargyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, isoproturon, mesosulfuron-methyl, pinoxaden, pyroxsulam, and sulfosulfuron 21 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
127Phalaris minorLittle seed Canary grass5324
5 IndiaIndia 2013 Wheat iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, and mesosulfuron-methyl 21 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
127Phalaris minorLittle seed Canary grass7816
6 IranIran 2004 Winter wheat clodinafop-propargyl, diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, pinoxaden, and tralkoxydim 79 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
127Phalaris minorLittle seed Canary grass5377
7 IsraelIsrael 1993 Wheat fenoxaprop-ethyl 23 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
127Phalaris minorLittle seed Canary grass111
8 MexicoMexico 1996 Wheat clodinafop-propargyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fluazifop-butyl, pinoxaden, sethoxydim, and tralkoxydim 29 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
127Phalaris minorLittle seed Canary grass478
9 PakistanPakistan 2015 Wheat fenoxaprop-ethyl 86 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
127Phalaris minorLittle seed Canary grass15074
10 South AfricaSouth Africa 1999 Pastures, and Wheat clodinafop-propargyl, diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, haloxyfop-methyl, iodosulfuron-methyl-Na, mesosulfuron-methyl, propaquizafop, quizalofop-ethyl, and sulfosulfuron 37 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
127Phalaris minorLittle seed Canary grass5194
11 United States (California) United StatesCalifornia2001 Onions clethodim, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fluazifop-butyl, and sethoxydim 45 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
127Phalaris minorLittle seed Canary grass5163
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