International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

Countries Weeds Herbicides Mutations Graphs References Researchers
HRAC GROUP 1 (LEGACY A) RESISTANT SARAMOLLAGRASS
(Ischaemum rugosum)


Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)

Colombia
INTRODUCTION SARAMOLLAGRASS
Saramollagrass (Ischaemum rugosum) is a monocot weed in the Poaceae family.  In Colombia this weed first evolved resistance to Group 1 (Legacy A) herbicides in 2000 and infests Rice.   Group 1 (Legacy A) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to fenoxaprop-ethyl and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 1 (Legacy A) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Jan 16, 2003 )

Common NameSaramollagrass
SpeciesIschaemum rugosum
GroupInhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Herbicidesfenoxaprop-ethyl
LocationColombia
Year2000
Situation(s)Rice
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Bernal Valverde 
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Saramollagrass biotype with this Saramollagrass biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 1 resistant Saramollagrass have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 1 (Legacy A) resistant Saramollagrass from Colombia please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

BERNAL VALVERDE
Honorary Associate Professor
The University of Copenhagen
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences
Hojebakkegaard Allé 13
Taastrup, DK-2630, Hovedstaden
Denmark
Email Bernal Valverde

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Colombia have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Bernal Valverde for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Saramollagrass Globally
(Ischaemum rugosum)
Herbicide Resistant Saramollagrass Globally
(Ischaemum rugosum)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Saramollagrass Globally
(Ischaemum rugosum)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 ColombiaColombia 2000 Rice fenoxaprop-ethyl 10 Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
99Ischaemum rugosumSaramollagrass5143
2 ColombiaColombia 2009 Rice bispyribac-sodium 10 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
99Ischaemum rugosumSaramollagrass18166
3 MalaysiaMalaysia 1989 Rubber, and Vegetables paraquat 28 PS I Electron Diversion ( HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)
99Ischaemum rugosumSaramollagrass139
4 VenezuelaVenezuela 2004 Rice bispyribac-sodium, fenoxaprop-ethyl, imazapyr, imazethapyr, profoxydim, propanil, and pyribenzoxim 80 Multiple Resistance: 3 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase ( HRAC Group 1 (Legacy A)
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
99Ischaemum rugosumSaramollagrass5552
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