International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

Countries Weeds Herbicides Mutations Graphs References Researchers
MULTIPLE RESISTANT HAIRY FLEABANE
(Conyza bonariensis)


Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
PS I Electron Diversion HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E)

Jordan, Jordan Valley
INTRODUCTION HAIRY FLEABANE
Hairy Fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) is a dicot weed in the Asteraceae family.  In Jordan this weed first evolved multiple resistance (to 2 herbicide sites of action) in 2022 and infests Palm oil.  Multiple resistance has evolved to herbicides in the Groups 22 (Legacy D), and Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E).  These particular biotypes are known to have resistance to oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, and paraquat and they may be cross-resistant to other herbicides in the Groups 22 (Legacy D), and Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E).

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Oct 26, 2023 )

Common NameHairy Fleabane
SpeciesConyza bonariensis
GroupPS I Electron Diversion HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)

Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E)
Herbicidesoxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, and paraquat
LocationJordan, Jordan Valley
Year2022
Situation(s)Palm oil
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Ian Heap 
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

MECHANISM

Chemical control and herbicide resistance of hairy fleabane (Erigeron bonariensis L.) in Jordan.

 Author(s) : Qasem, J. R.

 Author Affiliation : Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

Author Email : jrqasem@ju.edu.jo

 Journal article : PLoS ONE 2023 Vol.18 No.10 ref.31

Abstract : The effect of paraquat, oxadiazon and oxyfluorfen herbicides was tested on two populations of hairy fleabane (Erigeron bonariensis L.), collected from a date palm orchard at Tal al-Ramil (Central Jordan Valley) and al-Twal (Northern Jordan Valley) sites using the recommended rates (0.5, 1.25 and 0.792 kg a.i ha-1 for each herbicide, respectively) and 10-fold (5, 12.50 and 7.92 kg a.i. ha-1, respectively) under glasshouse conditions. Results showed that the date palm weed population was resistant to the three herbicides at both application rates and al-Twal site population was highly susceptible. Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of 12 herbicides in controlling the weed in the date palm orchard during the spring of 2017, revealed that E. bonariensis resists paraquat (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1), oxadiazon (1.25 kg a.i. ha-1) and oxyfluorfen (0.792 kg a.i. ha-1) herbicides. None of the three herbicides was effective against the weed and treated plants continued to grow normally similar to those of untreated control. Ten-fold higher rates of these herbicides failed to control the weed. The effect of other tested herbicides was variable with bromoxynil plus MCPA (buctril®M), 2,4-D- iso-octyl ester, glyphosate, glyphosate trimesium and triclopyr being the most effective and completely controlling the weed at recommended rates of application. It is concluded that the tested populations of E. bonariensis developed resistance to paraquat, oxadiazon and oxyfluorfen but control of the weed was possible using other herbicides with different mechanisms of action. Herbicide rotation or other nonchemical weed control methods have been suggested to prevent or reduce the buildup and spread of resistant populations of this weed. These results represent the first report of herbicide resistance of E. bonariensis in Jordan.

ISSN : 1932-6203 DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0263154

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Hairy Fleabane biotype with this Hairy Fleabane biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 22, 14 resistant Hairy Fleabane have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of multiple resistant Hairy Fleabane from Jordan please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

IAN HEAP
Director
International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds
P.O. Box 1365
Corvallis, 97339, Oregon
United States
Email Ian Heap
Web   : Web Site Link

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Jordan have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Ian Heap for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Hairy Fleabane Globally
(Conyza bonariensis)
Herbicide Resistant Hairy Fleabane Globally
(Conyza bonariensis)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Hairy Fleabane Globally
(Conyza bonariensis)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 ArgentinaArgentina 2012 Soybean glyphosate 48 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane17100
2 Australia (New South Wales ) AustraliaNew South Wales 2010 Industrial sites, and Roadsides glyphosate 1 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane5512
3 Australia (Queensland) AustraliaQueensland2011 Roadsides glyphosate 1 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane5604
4 Australia (South Australia) AustraliaSouth Australia2011 Roadsides glyphosate 1 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane5605
5 Australia (New South Wales ) AustraliaNew South Wales 2016 Grapes paraquat 1 PS I Electron Diversion ( HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane13045
6 BrazilBrazil 2005 Corn (maize), Fruit, Soybean, and Wheat glyphosate 5 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane5264
7 ColombiaColombia 2006 Coffee glyphosate 10 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane5295
8 EgyptEgypt 1989 Unspecified paraquat 15 PS I Electron Diversion ( HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane383
9 GreeceGreece 2010 Grapes, Olive, and Orchards glyphosate 19 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane5590
10 IsraelIsrael 1993 Forests, and Industrial sites atrazine, and simazine 23 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane102
11 IsraelIsrael 1993 Forests, and Industrial sites chlorsulfuron 23 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane103
12 IsraelIsrael 2005 Roadsides glyphosate 23 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane5464
13 JapanJapan 1989 Roadsides diquat, and paraquat 25 PS I Electron Diversion ( HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane128
14 JordanJordan 2022 Palm oil oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, and paraquat 55 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
PS I Electron Diversion ( HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)
Inhibition of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ( HRAC Group 14 (Legacy E)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane27269
15 PortugalPortugal 2010 Orchards glyphosate 34 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane5539
16 South AfricaSouth Africa 2003 Grapes, and Orchards paraquat 37 PS I Electron Diversion ( HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane5191
17 South AfricaSouth Africa 2003 Grapes, and Orchards glyphosate 37 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane5192
18 SpainSpain 1987 Orchards simazine 38 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane181
19 SpainSpain 2004 Orchards glyphosate 38 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane5223
20 SwitzerlandSwitzerland 2020 Grapes glyphosate 41 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane24247
21 United States (California) United StatesCalifornia2007 Roadsides glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane5310
22 United States (California) United StatesCalifornia2009 Corn (maize), Grapes, Orchards, and Roadsides glyphosate, and paraquat 45 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
PS I Electron Diversion ( HRAC Group 22 (Legacy D)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane5390
23 United States (Oregon) United StatesOregon2023 Fallow, and Wheat glyphosate 45 Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane27285
24 UruguayUruguay 2022 Corn (maize), and Soybean chlorimuron-ethyl, diclosulam, and glyphosate 73 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC Group 9 (Legacy G)
60Conyza bonariensisHairy Fleabane27291
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