International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

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HRAC GROUP 4 (LEGACY O) RESISTANT CALIFORNIA ARROWHEAD
(Sagittaria montevidensis)


Auxin Mimics HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)

Brazil, : Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
INTRODUCTION CALIFORNIA ARROWHEAD
California Arrowhead (Sagittaria montevidensis) is a monocot weed in the Alismataceae family.  In Brazil this weed first evolved resistance to Group 4 (Legacy O) herbicides in 2023 and infests Rice.   Group 4 (Legacy O) herbicides are known as Auxin Mimics (Auxin Mimics ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to florpyrauxifen and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 4 (Legacy O) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Sep 05, 2023 )

Common NameCalifornia Arrowhead
SpeciesSagittaria montevidensis
GroupAuxin Mimics HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
Herbicidesflorpyrauxifen
LocationBrazil, : Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Year2023
Situation(s)Rice
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Filipe Crepaldi Cardoso , Gabriella Camila Galikovski, Naiara Guerra, Antonio Mendes de Oliveira Neto, José Noldin, Andrey Rocha, Mayra Luiza Schelter, and Vinicios Vinciguera 
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible California Arrowhead biotype with this California Arrowhead biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 4 resistant California Arrowhead have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 4 (Legacy O) resistant California Arrowhead from Brazil please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

FILIPE CREPALDI CARDOSO
Me. Eng. Agrônomo
Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC
Ciências Agroveterinárias
Rua Jorge Lacerda
Turvo , 88930000, Santa Catarina
Brazil
Email Filipe Crepaldi Cardoso
Web   : Web Site Link
GABRIELLA CAMILA GALIKOVSKI
Me. Eng. Agrônomo
Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC
Ciências Agroveterinárias
Av. Luiz de Camões
Conta Dinheiro, n°2090
Lages, 88930000, Santa Catarina
Brazil
Email Gabriella Camila Galikovski
Web   : Web Site Link
NAIARA GUERRA
Me. Eng. Agrônomo
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Coordenadoria Especial de Ciências Biológicas e Agronômicas
Rodovia Ulysses Gaboardi
3000
Curitibanos, 88930000, Santa Catarina
Brazil
Email Naiara Guerra
Web   : Web Site Link
ANTONIO MENDES DE OLIVEIRA NETO
Barnyardgrass with multiple resistance to synthetic auxin,ALS and ACCase inhibitors
Federeal Institute Catarinense Rio do Sul Campus
Agronomy
Estrada do Redentor
5665, CP:441
Rio do Sul, 89163-356, Santa Catarina
Brazil
Email Antonio Mendes de Oliveira Neto
Web   : Web Site Link
JOSÉ NOLDIN
Weed Scientist
Epagri - Agri. And Extn Inst. For Santa Catarina State
Itajai Experiment Station
Dept of Agronomy Horticulture
PO Box 830915, 362 Plant Science
Itajaí, 88301-970, Santa Catarina
Brazil
Email José Noldin
Web   : Web Site Link
ANDREY ROCHA
Engenheiro Agrônomo
Rocha Empreendimentos Agronômicos
Itajai Experiment Station
Rua Domingos Alves Ouriques
63
Araranguá , 88901066, Santa Catarina
Brazil
Email Andrey Rocha
Web   : Web Site Link
MAYRA LUIZA SCHELTER
Me. Agronomy
Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina-UDESC
Post Graduation in Vegetal Production
Av. Luiz de Camões
Conta Dinheiro, n 2090
Lages, 88520040, Santa Catarina
Brazil
Email Mayra Luiza Schelter
Web   : Web Site Link
VINICIOS VINCIGUERA
Me. Agronomy
Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC
Post Graduation in Vegetal Production
Av. Luiz de Camões
Conta Dinheiro, n°2090
Lages, 88520040, Santa Catarina
Brazil
Email Vinicios Vinciguera
Web   : Web Site Link

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Brazil have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Filipe Crepaldi Cardoso , Gabriella Camila Galikovski, Naiara Guerra, Antonio Mendes de Oliveira Neto, José Noldin, Andrey Rocha, Mayra Luiza Schelter, and Vinicios Vinciguera for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant California Arrowhead Globally
(Sagittaria montevidensis)
Herbicide Resistant California Arrowhead Globally
(Sagittaria montevidensis)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant California Arrowhead Globally
(Sagittaria montevidensis)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 Australia (New South Wales ) AustraliaNew South Wales 1994 Rice bensulfuron-methyl 1 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead7
2 BrazilBrazil 1999 Rice bispyribac-sodium, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 5 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead1179
3 BrazilBrazil 2009 Rice bentazon, bispyribac-sodium, ethoxysulfuron, imazethapyr, metsulfuron-methyl, penoxsulam, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 5 Multiple Resistance: 2 Sites of Action
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
PSII inhibitors - Histidine 215 Binders ( HRAC Group 6 (Legacy C3)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead5588
4 BrazilBrazil 2023 Rice florpyrauxifen 5 Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead26264
5 ChinaChina 2003 Rice bensulfuron-methyl, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 9 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead5303
6 United States (California) United StatesCalifornia1993 Rice bensulfuron-methyl 45 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
146Sagittaria montevidensisCalifornia Arrowhead390
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