International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

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HRAC GROUP 5 (LEGACY C1 C2) RESISTANT RED AMARANTH
(Amaranthus cruentus)


PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)

Spain
INTRODUCTION RED AMARANTH
Red Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) is a dicot weed in the Amaranthaceae family.  In Spain this weed first evolved resistance to Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) herbicides in 1989 and infests Corn (maize).   Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) herbicides are known as PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (Inhbition of Photosynthesis at PSll - Serine 264 Binders ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to atrazine and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Sep 15, 2000 )

Common NameRed Amaranth
SpeciesAmaranthus cruentus
GroupPSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
Herbicidesatrazine
LocationSpain
Year1989
Situation(s)Corn (maize)
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Rafael De Prado 
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NOTES ABOUT THIS BIOTYPE

GENERAL

Rafael De Prado
Mechanism of resistance is target site.

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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Field, Greenhouse, and Laboratory trials comparing a known susceptible Red Amaranth biotype with this Red Amaranth biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 5 resistant Red Amaranth have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2) resistant Red Amaranth from Spain please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

RAFAEL DE PRADO
Universidad De Cordoba
Qvimica Agricola Y Edafologa
E T S Ingenieros Agronomos
PO Box 119
Cordoba, E-14080, Andalusia
Spain
Email Rafael De Prado

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in Spain have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Rafael De Prado for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Red Amaranth Globally
(Amaranthus cruentus)
Herbicide Resistant Red Amaranth Globally
(Amaranthus cruentus)
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Herbicide Resistant Red Amaranth Globally
(Amaranthus cruentus)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 SpainSpain 1989 Corn (maize) atrazine 38 PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ( HRAC Group 5 (Legacy C1 C2)
11Amaranthus cruentusRed Amaranth176
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